Hal ini terjadi, meskipun dalam kenyataannya sejumlah isu yang dibahas dan fatwa yang dihasilkan terkait erat dengan kehidupan dan pengalaman perempuan Muslim. Di Indonesia, perumusan fatwa masih dilakukan hampir secara eksklusif oleh ulama laki-laki. Konsep "ulama" dalam konteks Indonesia biasanya merujuk kepada sarjana Muslim yang telah menguasai pengetahuan Islam dan memperoleh otoritas keagamaan untuk mengeluarkan fatwa berdasarkan hukum Islam. The research shed light on the extent to which female ulama may in the future exercise fatwa-issuing, that is, juristic, authority in Indonesia. First, how do male ulama respond to and support female ulamas’ claims to religious authority? Second, to what extent does community-based female authority interact with or challenge Indonesia’s male-dominated religious authority? To answer these questions, I interviewed female ulama cadres of the organisation Rahima from different cohorts of the female ulama cadre programs and from different social backgrounds. Two major questions provide the basis for this research. In response to this situation, female ulama cadre programs have been set up by non-governmental organisations concerned with women’s empowerment.Īgainst the background of these recently instituted female ulama cadre programs, this paper examines the ways in which female ulama establish community-based authority. This is despite the fact that a number of issues they discuss and the fatwas they produce are closely related to the lives and experiences of Muslim women. In Indonesia, the formulation of fatwas is still undertaken almost exclusively by male ulama. The concept of “ ulama” in the Indonesian context usually refers to Muslim scholars who have mastered Islamic knowledge and acquired the religious authority to issue fatwas based on Islamic jurisprudence.
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